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sei
in: dicono di noi
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| DICONO
DI NOI |
 JOINT
RESEARCH AGREEMENT BETWEEN “Istituto
Sperimentale per l’Orticoltura” AND “Four-Ortoricerca” TO
IMPROVE SOME TOMATO ITALIAN ECOTYPES.
N. Acciarri; G. Vitelli; G. Campanelli;
E. Sabatini;
(Istituto Sperimentale per l’Orticoltura
Sezione di Ascoli Piceno, Via Salaria 1 Monsampolo del
Tronto AP.
e-mail: acciarri@libero.it)
P. Sbarbati
(Four-Ortoricerca) |
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Former italian ecotypes
The old selections (Figure 1), carried out after the discover of
tomato nutritional value, gave rise to original ecotypes, with
different names, but with shape and features sometimes similar:
: “San Marzano”, “Riccio di Panocchia”, “Scatolone
di Bolsena”, “Pantano Romanesco”, “Pera
d’Abruzzo”, “Cuor di bue ligure” or “Cuore
di Albenga” or “Pera ligure”, “Pizzutello”, “Principe
Borghese”, “Rosa di Rotonda” or “di Sorrento”,
ecc.
New and better-defined F1.hybrids have slowly taken the place of
the former cultivars, nowadays nearly disappeared, except for those
still grown in small areas for local usages and consumption.
A renewed interests for traditional products
It possible to find some particular ecotypes in little local markets
but now an interest by the large-scale retail trade exists. Particularly, “Ligure” type
is grown not only in open field but also in Sardegna and Sicilia
greenhouses (figure 3); furthermore, both Marche and Abruzzo regions
are interested to give higher value to the local tomato ecotype “Pera
d’Abruzzo”.
Despite the increasing interest toward this old tipologies of tomatoes,
it is not possible to improve them with a normal pedigree selection,
because of its narrow genetic base and the lack of important characters
such as genetic resistences to diseases and physiological disorders.
In order to retrieve this old cultivars for the large-scale retail
market, hybridization with suitable pure lines is of high interest.
In this context, a joint program for the genetic improvement was
started in 1999 by “Istituto Sperimentale per l’Orticoltura” and “Four-Ortoricerca” to
obtain new lines and hybrids with the typical “Cuor di Bue
Ligure” and “Pera d’Abruzzo” features coupled
with superior firmness and genetic resistance to the main diseases.
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Figure 1: Large
variability in the “ISPORT” germplasm
Figure 2:fruit set in a F1 hybrid of “Cuor
di Bue Ligure” typology.
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Figure 3: improved
fruit set in a F1 hybrid of “Cuore di Bue Ligure” typology
grown in greenhouse (below)
Figure 4: typical “cracking” in
the original ecotype of “Pera d’Abruzzo”.
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Breeding activity
Ecotypes retrieving and costitution of lines useful for the breeding
purposes.
The Istituto Sperimentale per l’Orticoltura (ISPORT) started,
before the joint-agreement with “Four-Ortoricerca”, a
breeding program in order to get a better knowledge of the main characteristic
for each local ecotype of interest. In this way a wide germplasm
has been collected and evaluated. With recurrent selection and backcrosses
a series of segregant lines were produced, which showed an improved
firmness of the fruit and especially resistance to important diseases
such as Verticillium and Fusarium sp.
The new lines obtained during the breeding program were selected
within the original ecotypes to uniform the variability found; lines
with different dimension, shape, and color of fruit (with or without
green shoulder), and able to grow both in open field or greenhouse
condition were selected. “Four-Ortoricerca” as well,
provided new original germplasm, in order to increase the variability.
The improvement for disease resistance was carried out using as starting
materials the segregating progenies derived from the cross between
the ecotypes, and actually diffused types provided with dominant
genes of resistance.
During the three-years agreement both participants carried out a
joint selection of segregant lines. The best local accession were
selected to obtain parental lines and than F1 hybrids which maintain
the typical characters of the original ecotypes.
Diallelic crosses were made to study the combining ability. The hybrids
obtained were tested in agronomical trials in open field and in grennhouses
located in different areas (Marche, Abruzzo, Sicilia, Sardegna, Liguria,
Piemonte). The trials consisted in the evaluation of fruit quality
and production under different agonomic conditions and treatments:
normal open-field farming, greenhouse coltivation, use of rootstock
resistant to many diseases, applications of phytormones to improve
fruit set, use of bumble bees for pollination.
Generally, the F1 hybrids showed an improved fruit quality and the
highest yield (Figure 5)
Figure 6: Greenhouse production of a F1 hybrid of “Cuor di Bue
Ligure” type |
Figure
5 a, b, c: results of some agronomical trials
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Main results
At the end of this agreement, the “Istituto Sperimentale per
l’Orticoltura” released 23 pure lines and 6 segregant
lines to “Four-Ortoricerca”, with features belonging
to the “Cuor di Bue Ligure”, “Rosa di Rotonda”, “Rosa
di Sorrento”, “Pera d’Abruzzo” tipologies.
“
Four-Ortoricerca” started in 2003 the production of F1 hybrids,
in order to realize larger evaluation
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Figure 7: marketing solutions for a “Cuor di Bue Ligure” hybrid |
Figure 8: high price of some “Cuor di Bue Ligure” tomatoes
on the market |
| trials and to inscribe some
of them to the National Register of Varieties. Many large-scale market
operators were interested to these hybrids, using them for marketing
trials, thus confirming a high interest
from the consumers toward these new typologies of tomato (Figure
7 and 8). |
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